黄河下游地区微咸水灌溉利用研究

为了研究黄河下游地区玉米适宜的微咸水灌溉模式，本研究在河南省新乡市黄河水利科学研究院节水试验基地进行了微咸水灌溉玉米试验。本研究采用桶栽试验和理论分析相结合的方法，分析了不同矿化度微咸水灌溉对土壤盐分累积及玉米生长的影响，并将土壤水盐动态变化情况、作物蒸发蒸腾量及作物产量代人作物水盐生产函数，求解并分析了玉米在不同生育阶段的盐分敏感系数。结果得出，微咸水矿化度不高于3g／L时玉米产量较淡水灌溉减少低于6．4％，株高较淡水灌溉减少低于8．4％，同时0～20cm内土壤盐分与对照无显著性差异；当矿化度达到7g／L时，玉米产量较淡水灌溉减少20．9％，株高减少9．2％，表层土壤盐分显著性高于对照；玉米不同生育阶段的盐分敏感系数大小顺序为播种～拔节期〉拔节～抽雄期〉抽雄一成熟期，玉米在抽雄～成熟期对微咸水最不敏感，最适宜使用微咸水进行灌溉。综合认为，使用矿化度低于3g／L的微咸水进行灌溉是可行的，微咸水灌溉适宜在玉米生长后期使用，但微咸水的大田灌溉模式及长期使用微咸水进行灌溉对土壤及作物的影响仍需进行讲一彤的研究。

Research on saline water irrigation technique indownstream area of Yellow river

In order to study the feasible mode of saline water irrigation in the downstream area of Yellow river, this paper carried out the experiments of saline water irrigation in the water - saving test base of Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research in Xinxiang of Henan Province. It adopted the method of combining pot experiment with theoretical analysis, studied the impact of different salinity saline water irrigation on sail salt accumulation and crop yield ,put the dynamic change of water and salt, ET and yield into the water- salt production function, solved and analyzed the salt sensitive index in different growth stages. The result showed that if the salinity is lower than 3g/L, the decrement value of corn yield is lower than 6.4% and that of plant height is lower than 8.4%, there is no significant difference between these treatments and the check treatment; on the condition of 7g/L, the amount of decrement of corn yield is 20.9% and that of plant height is 9.2% , the salt accumulation in topsoil is evident higher than that of the check treatment; the sequence of salt sensitive index from large to small is seeding - jointing stage ,jointing- tasseling stage and tasseling-maturity stage, the corn in tasseling- maturity stage is most insensitive to salt, and the irrigation by saline water is most suitable in this stage. In summary, the salinity of saline water of lower than 3g/L is feasible for irrigation in the downstream area of the Yellow river, and the irrigation should be applied in the latter period of corn growth stage, but the irrigation mode in farmland and the impact of long - term use of saline water on soil and crop should be further studied.