车辆撞击作用下泡沫铝防撞桥墩的动态响应特性

针对车辆撞击桥墩问题,设计了一种采用泡沫铝材料的桥墩防撞装置。采用LS-DYNA软件分别建立有无防撞装置的桥墩三维实体单元模型,分析了车辆撞击作用下各桥墩的动态时程响应。对比了两种情况下车辆对桥墩的撞击力、桥墩位移和应力等特征参量,并从能量传递的角度分析了泡沫铝防撞装置的耗能能力和撞击车辆损伤。结果表明:采用泡沫铝防撞装置后,车辆对桥墩的撞击力、桥墩位移和应力都明显减小,撞击过程中大部分能量被防撞装置吸收,泡沫铝防撞装置可起到同时保护桥墩与车辆的作用。研究结果可为车辆撞击桥墩相关研究和桥墩防撞设计提供参考。

Dynamic response characteristics of the bridge piers with aluminum foam anti-collision devices under vehicle impact

For the case of vehicle impacting on bridge piers,a new anti-collision device made of aluminum foam for bridge piers is presented in this paper.The three-dimensional solid element models of piers with and without the anti-collision device are built by using the LS-DYNA software.The dynamic time-history responses of piers under vehicle impact are investigated.The impact force of the vehicle,the displacement and stress of the bridge piers in two situations are compared.The energy dissipation capacity of the anti-collision device and the vehicle damage severity are analyzed from the perspective of energy transmission.It is shown that the impact force,pier displacement and stress of the pier could be significantly reduced with the proposed anti-collision device.Most of the energy during the impact process is absorbed by the device.The aluminum foam anti-collision device can protect the pier and the vehicle at the same time.The research outcome can provide guidance for the future study in the field of vehicle and bridge collision problem and bridge piers anti-collision design.