长距离供水工程空气阀设置理论分析

空气阀作为长距离有压供水工程重要的水锤防护措施，其合理布置涉及到工程运行安全。本文以水锤分析为基础，在满足管道最大允许负压设计标准的前提下，构建了空气阀布置的理论分析和数值优化框架，明确了不同空气阀设置位置、间距、数量与管道布置的关系，提出了不同工况下长距离供水管线中设置空气阀应满足的通用准则与相关公式，同时结合工程实例，通过数值仿真进行了空气阀布置方案的优化，为长距离供水管道中空气阀的合理布置提供了科学依据。

Formula of air-valve installation for water hammer protection in long-distance pipelines

As an effective measure for water hammer protection in long-distance water-supply project, rational arrangement of air valve is directly related to the safety of the project. Based on water hammer analysis and to satisfy the design standard of maximum allowable negative pressure in the process of operation, the general framework of theoretical analysis and numerical optimization of air valve is constructed in which the number of valve, located position and spacing interval are explicated, and the general rule and formulas of setting air valve under different conditions in long-distance water-supply project are proposed. The arrangement of air valve is optimized with the numerical simulation combined with practical project, and this research lays foundation for the rational arrangement of air valve in long-distance water-supply project.