基于元胞自动机的普通超市火灾疏散模型的构建

通过分析已有的元胞自动机理论，结合人员疏散的特点，构建了考虑出口吸引力、火灾排斥力、摩擦力、排斥力和从众吸引力的普通超市火灾疏散模型。该模型充分考虑了多个因素对疏散过程的影响，对影响因素进行归一化处理，以综合影响因素建立的元胞转移强度作为行人移动规则。针对超市疏散人数、出口宽度及相隔距离、从众心理对疏散时间的影响进行了研究，并采用仿真疏散软件Pathfinder+FDS对模型进行验证，说明疏散模型具有一定可信性。研究表明行人疏散时间随人数呈线性正相关，人数存在临界值；出口宽度越宽或出口越多疏散时间相对越短，当达到出口阈值时对疏散时间影响不大；在陌生疏散环境或紧急情况下适当的从众行为会提高疏散效率。

Construction of fire evacuation model for ordinary supermarket based on cellular automata

By analyzing the existing cellular automata theory and combining the characteristics of group evacuation, this paper established an ordinary supermarket fire evacuation model that considerd the attractiveness of exit, fire repulsion, friction, repulsion and occupant psychology. The model fully considerd the influence of multiple factors on the evacuation, normalized the influencing factors, and used the cell transfer intensity established by considering the comprehensive influencing factors as the pedestrian movement rule. This paper studied the impact of the number of evacuees in supermarket, export width and distance, and herd mentality on evacuation time. It used pathfinder+FDS, a simulation evacuation software, to verify the model, which showed that the evacuation model had certain credibility. The research shows that pedestrian evacuation time is linearly and positively correlated with the number of evacuees, and there is a critical point for the number of evacuees; the wider the exit width is or the more exits are, the shorter the evacuation time is, but once the exit threshold is reached, the impact on the evacuation time is not significant; in unfamiliar environments or emergency situations, appropriate herding behavior will improve the efficiency of evacuation.