蒸发波导测量仪器的精度分析与检验

基于蒸发波导的超视距探测是扩大舰船雷达探测范围的最有效途径，也是目前雷达领域的研究热点之一． 准确判别蒸发波导的参数是大气折射率梯度，因此，精确测量大气折射率剖面成为蒸发波导探测的关键技术．通过对常用的气象仪器和自行研制的微波折射率仪进行大气折射率测量的精度分析，以及两种仪器同时进行蒸发波导的实际测量比较，结果表明:气象仪器测量误差较大，且各传感器有滞后效应，无法获得大气折射率实时精细结构; 采用直接感应大气介质的微波折射率仪不仅测量精度高，且测量速度快，能够较好地测量出大气折射率实时精细结构．因此微波折射率仪是目前实现蒸发波导准确测量的合适仪器．

Test and analysis of accuracy of the evaporation duct measuring instrument

The over-the-horizon detection based on the evaporation duct is one of the current research hotspots in the radar field and the most effective means for enlarging the detection range of the ship radar as well.Obtaining the precise evaporation duct parameter is the key to measuring the atmospheric refractivity accurately.By analyzing the accuracy of atmospheric refractivity obtained by both the frequently-used meteorological instrument and the self-developed microwave refractometer and comparing the actual measurement values achieved by both instruments simultaneously,it is proved that the meteorological instrument cannot measure the real-time fine structure of atmospheric refractivity and can cause a big error.The application of the microwave refractometer with the sensing atmospheric medium can help to measure the real-time fine structure of atmospheric refractivity faster and more precisely.So the microwave refractometer is the current proper instrument to measure the evaporation duct profile precisely.