Concentrations and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoke-cured fish products in Nigeria |
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| Authors: | Chukwujindu M A Iwegbue Francisca I Bassey Iwekumo Agbozu Eferhire Aganbi Grace Obi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departmentof Chemistry, DeltaState University, P. M. B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-River State, Nigeria;3. Department of Environmental Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE), Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria;4. Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University P. M. B. 1 Abraka, Nigeria;5. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in nine popular smoked fish species, (Clarias gariepinus, Parachana obscura, Heterotis niloticus, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Gymnarchus niloticus, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardinella aurita, Scromber scrombus and Trachurus trachurus), in the Nigerian market by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction by ultrasonication with hexane/dichloromethane. The mean concentrations of ∑16 PAHs in these species ranged from 52.4 μg kg?1 to 1230 μg kg?1. The estimated margins of exposure (MOE values) were less than 10,000 for C. gariepinus, G. niloticus and E. fimbriata indicating serious concern for the consumers’ health. The estimated excess cancer risk factors for these fish species investigated indicate that approximately 1 to 65 out of 106 equally exposed adults may suffer from cancer and cancer-related diseases during their lifetime through the ingestion of carcinogenic PAHs from smoked fish in their diet. |
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| Keywords: | PAHs Dietary intake Risk assessment Smoked fish Nigeria |
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