涡旋微波量子雷达

电磁波轨道角动量(OAM)量子态指构成电磁波的每个电磁波量子均具有OAM，是涡旋电磁波的重要形态之一。在微波波段，这种电磁波量子称为“涡旋微波量子”。涡旋微波量子与传统平面波微波量子具有不同的物理特性，针对传统吸波材料具有强反射系数，造成雷达散射截面积(RCS)增加，并提升目标回波的接收信号功率和检测概率，是对抗基于吸波材料的隐身目标之利器。该文提出了基于OAM量子态的涡旋微波量子雷达，给出了基本物理架构和数学模型，借助量子电动力学(QED)从理论上分析了涡旋微波量子的高回波功率特性，并通过实验验证了理论分析的正确性。在收发端均采用相同极化方式下，与传统平面波雷达相比实验中回波功率提高约9 dB。同时，配合典型雷达工作参数进行了仿真，明确了涡旋微波量子雷达在接收功率和检测概率等性能指标上的提升，进一步展现了涡旋微波量子针对吸波材料的反隐身能力。 

Quantum Radar with Vortex Microwave Photons

Quantum Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) indicates that each Electro-Magnetic (EM) photon of an EM wave carries OAM. In the microwave band, such an EM wave photon is called a vortex microwave photon. Physical properties distinguish between EM waves with vortex and plane wave photons. When illuminating a traditional stealthy target composed of absorbing materials, a vortex microwave photon can achieve higher echo power, thereby improving the Radar Cross Section (RCS), the corresponding receiving signal power, and detection probability. Hence, the vortex microwave photon shows promise in antistealth technology. In this paper, a vortex microwave quantum radar based on the OAM quantum state is proposed. Its basic physical architecture and corresponding mathematical model are given, and the high echo power characteristics of the vortex microwave photon are analyzed using Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED). The correctness of the theoretical calculation was experimentally verified with an approximate 9 dB improvement in echo power. Moreover, the simulations are performed to clarify the improvement in radar performance, including the receiving power and detection probability, illustrating the capability of the vortex microwave photon when applied to antistealth radar.