不同地区稻田小龙虾的营养品质比较研究

以来自江苏、安徽、湖北地区的稻田雄性小龙虾为研究对象，对其含肉率、基本成分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行分析，评估并比较不同地区稻田雄性小龙虾的营养价值。结果表明，湖北小龙虾的含肉率（11.65%）和粗蛋白（19.04%）含量最高，江苏小龙虾的粗脂肪含量最高（1.10%）。3 个地区小龙虾肉中均检出17 种氨基酸，必需氨基酸含量/总氨基酸含量比为38%～39%，说明虾肉的蛋白质质量较好，其中安徽小龙虾的总氨基酸含量最高。3 个地区的小龙虾中，安徽小龙虾虾肉中的矿物质总量最高，为850.92 mg/100 g，其中Na、K、Ca、P、Fe、Cu含量显著高于其余两地（P＜0.05）。从虾肉的脂肪酸组成来看，江苏小龙虾所含脂肪酸种类最丰富，安徽和江苏小龙虾虾肉中的脂肪酸以多不饱和脂肪酸为主（相对含量分别为43.15%和41.31%），而湖北小龙虾虾肉中的脂肪酸以单不饱和脂肪酸为主（45.70%），3 个地区小龙虾虾肉中的不饱和脂肪酸含量占比均在70%以上。

Comparative Study on Nutritional Quality of Rice-field Male Crayfishes from Different Areas

The nutritional value of rice-field male crayfishes from Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei was evaluated comparatively in terms of their flesh yield, basic composition, mineral composition, amino acid composition and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the highest flesh yield (11.65%) and crude protein content (19.04%) were found in Hubei crayfishes, and the highest crude fat content in Jiangsu crayfishes (1.10%). Seventeen amino acids were detected in crayfish meat from each area, and the ratio of essential to total amino acids ranged from 38% to 39%, indicating good protein quality; the content of total amino acids in crayfish meat from Anhui was the highest. Among the crayfishes from the different areas, the total mineral content of crayfish meat from Anhui was the highest (850.92 mg/100 g), and the contents of Na, K, Ca, P, Fe and Cu were significantly higher than those in crayfish meat from the other two regions (P < 0.05). The fatty acid analysis showed that Jiangsu crayfish meat contained the largest number of fatty acids. The main fatty acids of crayfish meat from Anhui and Jiangsu were polyunsaturated fatty acids (accounting for 43.15% and 41.31% of the total fatty acids, respectively), while those in crayfish meat from Hubei were monounsaturated fatty acids (45.70%). The relative contents of unsaturated fatty acids in crayfish meat from the three areas were all more than 70%.