画圆以正方——中国古代都邑规画图式与规画术研究

定量复原《考工记》记载的匠人营国图,揭示其中规中矩的空间特征,以及作为方圆相割图的一个特例的属性。方圆相割图源自井田格网,蕴含十二方位体系,体现早期宇宙观,影响着古代都邑的规画。中国古代都邑规画通过画圆以正方,具有立极、为规、正方等程序性特征,讲究形数结合,富有哲学与文化蕴涵。"立极—为规—正方"与从"地"到"城"的"规画六法",共同构成中国古代规画术的丰富内容。

CITY PLANNING WITH COMPASS:AN INQUIRY INTO THE PATTERN AND METHOD OF ANCIENT CHINESE CITY PLANNING

By illustrating Jiangren Yingguo (master-builders planning the site of the capital) in Kaogongji quantitatively,this paper reveals the spatial features,and the circle intersecting square figure,a typical example of the traditional planning pattern.The paper finds that the circle intersecting square figure,which originated from the Jingtian grid,contained the azimuth system,and reflected the early cosmology,influenced city planning in the early times.By steps of setting centers,drawing circles,and making squares,city planning in ancient China (Guihua) tends to make squares out of circles,emphasizes the combination of form and number,and is subject to philosophical and cultural connotations.The approaches of setting centers,drawing circles,and making squares are proposed to supplement the existing Six Steps of Guihua and to improve the Guihua method in ancient China.