含稀土磷矿中稀土和磷的综合回收

针对某REO含量2.48%、P₂O₅含量19.73%的含稀土磷矿，开发了选冶联合新工艺流程处理并分别回收其中的稀土和磷，采用"浮选—磁选"流程得到稀土磷混合精矿，"化学选矿—酸化—水浸—除杂—沉淀—煅烧"和"冷冻硝酸钙—氨中和制磷肥—洗水制石膏"两条技术路线分别对稀土和磷进行综合回收利用。结果显示:氧化稀土产品中REO含量98.31%，选矿流程稀土回收率为62.66%（未计铌铁矿），冶金流程稀土回收率86.70%；磷肥中P₂O₅含量14.8%，总氮含量15.3%，选矿流程磷回收率为83.09%，冶金流程磷回收率85.24%。新工艺技术指标优良，资源综合利用率高，处理含稀土磷灰石精矿合理有效，具有广阔的工业应用前景。 

Recovery of Rare Earth and Phosphorus from a Rare Earth-bearing Apatite

A rare earth-bearing apatite assaying 2.48% REO and 19.73% P₂O₅ is studied in this paper. A combined beneficiation-metallurgy process is developed to recover rare earth and phosphorus from the apatite. Firstly, the process of flotation-magnetic separation is conducted to obtain a mixed rare earth-phosphorus concentrate. Then two technical routes of chemical beneficiation-acidification-water leaching-precipitating rare earth and decalcification-ammonia neutralization-evaporation and granulation are adopted to recover rare earth and phosphorus with the gypsum as the by-products. The results show that the rare earth oxide products contain 98.31% REO, and the REO recoveries of beneficiation and metallurgy process are 62.66% (without Nb-Fe concentrate) and 86.70%, respectively. The phosphate fertilizer contains 14.8% P₂O₅ and 15.3% total nitrogen. The phosphorus recoveries of beneficiation and metallurgy process are 83.09% and 85.24%, respectively. The rare earth-bearing apatite concentrate can be effectively treated by the new process with excellent technical parameters and high comprehensive utilization. Hence, the new process has a wide prospect in the industrial applications.