Calibration of UHF Sensors for GIS： Comparison of Different Methods and Testing of a Calibration System Based on a Conical AntennaEI北大核心CSCD

Different methods of calibrating ultra high frequency（UHF） sensors for gas-insulated substations （GIS） were investigated in the past. The first approach was to use strip lines, triplates and TEM calibration cells. These cells had already been in use for years for example to test the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic devices. The smaller the size of the cell, the higher its bandwidth-but the cell should be large enough to not disturb the electric field with the installed sensor under test. To overcome this problem, a calibration procedure using a gigahertz transverse e- lectromagnetic（GTEM） test cell and a pulsed signal source were introduced in 1997. Although this procedure has many advantages and is easy to understand, measurements show several shortcomings of this calibration method. To overcome the disadvantages of the known systems, a calibration cell using a monopole cone antenna and a metallic ground plane were developed and tested. The UHF sensor was placed in a region with minimum distortion of the elec- tric field due to its installation. Experience shows that the new method for calibrating UHF sensors is necessary in or- der to overcome the limits in the calibration of large sensors and to suppress the propagation of higher order modes and reflections. Due to its surprisingly simple structure, its low price and low overall measurement uncertainty, it is the preferred method for calibrating UHF sensors for GIS applications.