声压梯度法对声源定向的理论和实验研究

应用双传声器探头CM－202和与之配套的传声器，自行设计了一个声探头支撑架，使之可以把声探头转动到空间笛卡儿坐标系的3个互相垂直的方向，并且它们的几何中心保持不变，这样就可以测量稳声场中一点的质点振动速度矢量的3个矢量的3个分量，由此就能对声源进行定向。应用这一套实验装置在半消声室对声源进行了定向研究，并探讨了随机噪声干扰误差对定向精度的影响。

Determination of Sound Source Bearing with Sound Pressure Gradient Method

To our best knowledge, there does not exist in the open literature any detailed information concerning determination of sound source bearing with sound pressure gradient method. We found that sound pressure gradient method is not only feasible, but also brings with it some advantages. We designed a holder for Type CM-202 acoustic probe and a pair of microphones in such a way that the pair of microphones can be rotated around a fixed center to three mutually perpendicular directions. Thus, we can determine the three components of a particle velocity vector in stationary sound field and then determine the bearing of sound source. Gaussian noise has an adverse effect on the accuracy of bearing determined. In subsection 3.3.2, we discuss how to reduce greatly the effect of Gaussian noise. Results of experiments conducted in a semianechoic chamber, given in Tables 2 and 3, show preliminarily that bearing can be determined with higher precision than the traditional sound intensity method. Furthermore, good precision can still be attained even when environmental noise exists.