环境约束下黄河流域资源型城市能源效率及其影响因素分析

提升黄河流域资源型城市能源效率,保障能源安全是加快实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的关键途径。以黄河流域36个资源型城市作为研究对象,建立黄河流域资源型城市能源效率评价指标体系,基于2017-2019年能源效率投入产出指标的统计数据,采用C_²R模型和SBM模型测算比较考虑环境污染产出和不考虑环境污染产出的能源效率值,并采用Tobit模型从经济发展水平、产业结构、进出口、外商直接投资、政府影响力和资源开发程度方面分析考虑环境约束下资源型城市能源效率的影响因素,结果表明：除庆阳市、鄂尔多斯市、洛阳市、濮阳市、三门峡市、东营市、宝鸡市、咸阳市和榆林市外,黄河流域大部分资源型城市能源效率处于非有效状态；根据不同分类标准,成长型、油气类、下游地区资源型城市能源效率水平最高；经济发展水平对全部和下游地区资源型城市能源效率具有显著的正向影响,对上游地区资源型城市具有显著的负向影响；产业结构对上游地区能源效率具有显著的正向影响,对下游地区资源型城市能源效率具有显著的负向影响；外商直接投资对上游和下游地区资源型城市能源效率具有显著的正向影响；政府影响力对全部资源型城市能源效率具有显著的正向影响；开发程度对全部城市、上游地区资源型城市能源效率具有显著的正向影响。鉴于此,建议各地市需寻求适合自身特点的发展模式,重视经济发展与环境保护协调发展,推进产业结构调整,加大外商直接投资力度,提升政府影响力和加大加快技术创新。

Energy efficiency and its influential factors of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin under the Constraint of environment

Improving the energy efficiency of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin and ensuring energy security are the key ways to accelerate the realization of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. In the study of 36 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin, Establishing the energy efficiency evaluation index system for resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin, Based on the statistics of energy efficiency input-output indicators from 2017-2019, The C2R model and the SBM model are used to compare the energy efficiency values considering environmental pollution output and excluding environmental pollution output, The Tobit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of energy efficiency in resource-based cities under environmental constraints in terms of economic development level, industrial structure, import and export, foreign direct investment, government influence and resource development degree, The results showed that, except for Qingyang, Ordos, Luoyang, Puyang, Sanmenxia, Dongying, Baoji, Xianyang and Yulin, The energy efficiency of most resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin is in an ineffective state; According to the different classification criteria, Growth-type, oil and gas type, and downstream region resource-based cities have the highest energy efficiency level; The level of economic development has a significant positive impact on the energy efficiency of all resource-based cities and downstream regions, It has a significant negative impact on resource-based cities in upstream regions; Industrial structure has a significant positive impact on energy efficiency in upstream regions, It has a significant negative impact on the energy efficiency of resource-based cities in the downstream regions; Foreign direct investment has a significant positive impact on the energy efficiency of resource-based cities in the upstream and downstream regions; Government influence has a significant positive impact on the energy efficiency of all resource-based cities; The development degree has a significant positive impact on the energy efficiency of resource-based cities in all cities and upstream regions. In view of this, it is suggested that local cities should seek development models suitable for their own characteristics, pay attention to the coordinated development of economic development and environmental protection, promote the adjustment of industrial structure, increase foreign direct investment, enhance the influence of the government and accelerate technological innovation.