基于数值模拟的小孔节流空气静压轴承静动态特性研究

为了提高小孔节流空气静压轴承的静动态性能,基于流体力学和固体力学的基本控制方程,建立小孔节流空气静压轴承双向流固耦合数值模拟模型;采用静态数值模拟方法获取了设计参数对承载力和刚度的影响规律,进一步对微气膜间隙内三维流场特性进行了分析,有效降低了微气膜间隙内气体冗余现象对空气静压轴承动态稳定性的影响,并在数值计算的基础上对空气静压轴承结构和工作参数进行优化设计;在气体静压试验平台上对自行研制的空气静压轴承进行静动态特性测试。试验结果表明:所提出的数值模拟方法具有很好的预测效果;所采用的优化设计方法能够显著提升空气静压主轴的静动态特性。

Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Aerostatic Bearing Based on Numerical Simulation

In order to improve the static and dynamic performance of orifice aerostatic bearing, the numerical simulation model of two-way fluid-structure interaction of orifice aerostatic bearing is established based on the basic equations of fluid mechanics and solid mechanics. The influence of design parameters on load capacity and stiffness of orifice aerostatic bearing is achieved by the method of static numerical simulation. Three-dimensional flow field characteristics of the micro gas film gap are analyzed. The impact of gas redundancy phenomenon on dynamic stability of orifice aerostatic bearing is reduced effectively. The structure and operating parameters of aerostatic bearing are optimized based on the results of numerical simulation. The static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic bearing are also tested. The experimental results show that characteristics of aerostatic bearing are predicted accurately by numerical simulation method proposed. The static and dynamic performance of aerostatic bearing can be improved significantly by the optimization design method proposed.