碳中和背景下的水资源利用与保护

实现水资源高效智慧的利用与保护，是国家推进能源结构调整，促进低碳技术发展和环境保护，应对全球气候变化，实现“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的共性关键基础。为此，本文从水资源科技发展对碳中和的重大促进作用视角出发，回顾总结了水资源利用与保护的历史和战略发展趋势，阐明了水资源利用对开拓清洁能源应用潜力、促进国家能源结构低碳化的关键作用，研究了水资源利用与保护对于缩减碳源、提高碳汇的天然优势，并从规划运行智慧化、生态能源一体化、空间利用充分化、设计建造绿色化和改造发展统筹化等五大发展方向，系统凝练了智慧水利信息网络及反馈调控、多源信息监测体系及一体化模式、特殊地下空间利用及地下蓄能设施、生态水利工程及零碳水电站系统、中小型水电站改造并网及离网型风-光-水互补系统等高效智慧利用与保护水资源的技术方法。研究成果对护航长江黄河等重要流域保护、推进国家水资源利用重大战略工程实践、助力实现“2060目标”均具有重要促进意义。

Utilization and Protection of Water Resources Under the Background of Carbon Neutralization

The effective protection and utilization of water resources is the common key basis for the country to promote the adjustment of energy structure, promote the development of low-carbon technology and environmental protection, cope with global climate change, and achieve the strategic goal of "carbon peak, carbon neutral". From the perspective of the significant role of water resources science and technology development in promoting carbon neutralization, the history and strategic development trend of water resources utilization and protection was reviewed and summarized, the key role of water resources utilization in developing the application potential of clean energy and promoting the low carbon of national energy structure was expounded. The natural advantages of water resources utilization and protection in reducing carbon sources and improving carbon sinks were studied. The technical methods of efficient and intelligent utilization and protection of water resources were systematically condensed, such as intelligent water conservancy information network and feedback regulation, multi-source information monitoring system and integrated model, special underground space utilization and underground energy storage facilities, eco-hydraulic engineering and zero-carbon hydropower station system, transformation and grid connection of small-medium hydropower stations and off-grid wind-light-water complementary system, from the five development directions of intelligent planning and operation, ecological energy integration, full differentiation of space utilization, green design and construction and overall planning of transformation and development. The research findings are of great significance to protect the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and other important river basins promote the practice of national water resources utilization major strategic projects and help to achieve the "3060 Goal".