Numerical simulations of Coriolis flow meters for low Reynolds number flows

In process industries Coriolis mass flow meters (CMFs) are widely employed for measuring mass flows. Quite often, especially in the oil and gas (O&G) industry, owing to fluids with high viscosities, flow measurements may lie in low Reynolds number regions. At low Reynolds numbers (Re), a CMF reading may deviate under the influence of fluid-dynamic forces. With the help of extensive Fluid-Structure-Interaction simulations (FSI), a detailed insight into physical mechanisms leading to this deviation is provided. The main finding is that this deviation is a function of the Reynolds number and the effect can be explained by a periodic shear mechanism which interacts with the oscillatory Coriolis force and reduces the tube deflection. Experimental results with and without a correction for this effect are shown and compared with corresponding numerical results. If the low Reynolds number effect were ignored, it would lead to errors as large as 0.5% to 1% at Re = 800, however by measuring the Re and making corrections, the effect is reduced to < 0.2%.