引水流量对引水渠道中水内冰演变影响的数值模拟

水电站引水渠道中的冰害会影响水电站的安全运行，危害当地人民的人身安全。为开展引水渠道中水内冰演变的研究，建立了三维非稳态欧拉两相流模型，动量方程考虑了相间曳力、升力、虚拟质量力，热量传递方程中考虑了冰水之间的热量传递以及太阳辐射、有效辐射、蒸发热损失、水面对流热损失等。模拟分析了不同引水流量下温度及冰体积分数的沿程分布，结果表明：冰温沿程逐渐升高；水温沿程先降低后升高、沿程出现最低点。冰体积分数沿程存在突变点，且突变点在水温最低点附近。随着引水流量减小，产冰起始位置向渠道上游移动，但最终的产冰量和冰体积分数逐渐减小。通过与黄河上游河道中水内冰演变计算结果对比，验证了模型的可靠性。

Numerical simulation of diversion water flux effect on frazilice evolution in diversion channel

In order to simulate the frazil ice in the channel, a 3_D unsteady Eulerian two_phase model is developed. The momentum transfer term includes the drag, virtual mass, and lift forces, and solar radiation, effective radiation, heat loss of evaporation, and convective heat losses on water surface are considered in thermal transfer term. The simulation results under the different diversion flows show that ice temperature increases sharply along the channel, while the water temperature recovers from a minimum value. There is a sudden point on ice concentration distribution. The location of sudden point closes to the lowest water temperature point. Following the decreasing of diversion flow, the ice quantity and ice concentration decreases. The prediction based on the present model for ice evolution in a diversion channel is verified by the simulation results of frazil ice evolution in rivers.