Microwave drying of spheres: Coupled electromagnetics-multiphase transport modeling with experimentation. Part I: Model development and experimental methodology |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Applied Eletromagnetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;2. Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214122, China;2. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 102488, China;1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA;2. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA;1. Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh;1. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;2. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;3. ConAgra Foods, Inc., Omaha, NE 68102, USA;4. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;1. Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran;2. Department of Bio-system Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | To understand the effects of shape, size and property changes in a spherical sample during microwave drying, a fundamentals-based coupled electromagnetics and multiphase porous media model is developed and associated experimental details are described. Microwave drying of different sized spheres is carried out in a domestic microwave oven operating at 10% power level. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetics are solved inside a three dimensional (3D) microwave oven to obtain the electric field distribution inside the oven cavity and the spheres. The drying samples are treated as a porous media consisting of three phases: solid (skeleton), liquid (water) and gas (water vapor and air). Modes of transport for the fluid phases include capillary flow, binary diffusion between vapor and air, gas pressure driven flow and phase change between liquid water and vapor which is spatially distributed. An elaborate experimental system comprising of infrared camera, optical fiber probe and digital balance is built to validate the model in terms of temperature distribution, point temperatures, gas pressure generation and moisture loss from the samples at different times during the drying process. Results, validation, sensitivity analysis and “what-if” scenarios are presented in the companion paper. The work together would provide tremendous benefits when designing and developing microwave drying processes and products through a novel synergy between physics-based modeling and detailed experimentation. |
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| Keywords: | Microwave drying Heat and mass transfer Electromagnetics Finite element method |
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