Industrial sugar beets to biofuel: Field to fuel production system and cost estimates |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;2. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India;1. Environmental Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan;2. Civil Engineering Department, Jubail University College, Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;3. Systems, Power and Energy Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan;1. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland;2. Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland;3. Department of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznań, Poland;1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt;3. Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt;4. Refractory and Ceramic Materials Division, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Specialized varieties of sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) may be an eligible feedstock for advanced biofuel designation under the USA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. These non-food industrial beets could double ethanol production per hectare compared to alternative feedstocks. A mixed-integer mathematical programming model was constructed to determine the breakeven price of ethanol produced from industrial beets, and to determine the optimal size and biorefinery location. The model, based on limited field data, evaluates Southern Plains beet production in a 3-year crop rotation, and beet harvest, transportation, and processing. The optimal strategy depends critically on several assumptions including a just-in-time harvest and delivery system that remains to be tested in field trials. Based on a wet beet to ethanol conversion rate of 110 dm3 Mg−1 and capital cost of 128 M$ for a 152 dam3 y−1 biorefinery, the estimated breakeven ethanol price was 507 $ m−3. The average breakeven production cost of corn (Zea mays L.) grain ethanol ranged from 430 to 552 $ m−3 based on average net corn feedstock cost of 254 and 396 $ m−3 in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The estimated net beet ethanol delivered cost of 207 $ m−3 was lower than the average net corn feedstock cost of 254–396$ m−3 in 2013 and 2014. If for a mature industry, the cost to process beets was equal to the cost to process corn, the beet breakeven ethanol price would be $387 m-3 (587 $ m−3 gasoline equivalent). |
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| Keywords: | Breakeven price Biorefinery Canola Cooperative Crop rotation Energy beets Ethanol Industrial beets Wheat |
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