开滦范各庄井田岩溶陷落柱发育特征及其主控因素研究

为了预防岩溶陷落柱引发矿井水害的发生，以开滦矿区范各庄矿发育的岩溶陷落柱为研究对象，基于野外勘测、采掘生产资料和钻孔资料数据，分析了研究区岩溶陷落柱的发育特征及分布规律，提出了岩溶陷落柱的井下预测方法，讨论了陷落柱发育的地质主控因素。研究表明：该区陷落柱发育形态多样，剖面上呈大小不一的圆柱状或圆锥状。研究区岩溶陷落柱主要分布于构造复杂的褶曲地带，明显受控于构造特征，分布规律与断层和节理发育密切相关。奥陶纪灰岩顶部长期风化剥蚀为陷落柱的形成提供了物质基础，研究区地下水动力条件对陷落柱发育规模与分布控制作用明显。

Development Characteristics and Main Control Factors of Karst Collapse Column in Kailuan Fangezhuang Mine Field,Kailuan

The development of karst collapse columns is concealed, and the mine water damage caused by it is extremely destructive, directly jeopardizing the safe production of mines. The paper takes the karst collapse column of the Fangezhuang Minefield in Kailuan as the research object. Based on field survey, mining production data and borehole data, the development characteristics of karst collapse columns in the study area are studied. Moreover, the main controlling factors of the development of the collapse column are systematically analyzed from the aspects of geological background, structure conditions, material conditions and hydrological conditions. The research shows that the formation of the collapse column is diverse. The cross section generally has a size of a cylinder or a cone, the long axis diameter is between 39-115 m, and the short axis diameter is between 29-70 m. The karst collapse column in the study area is distributed in the structurally complex fold zone, which is obviously controlled by the structure, and is closely related to the small faults of the surrounding rock and the annular fault and joint development. The long-term weathering and erosion of the top of the Ordovician limestone has provided a material basis for the extensive development of karst. Furthermore, Groundwater dynamic conditions in the study area have obvious effects on the development scale and distribution of the collapse column.