基于CO2热泵的产消型数据中心能效联动优化

  目的  随着数字经济的发展，数据中心的“规模”将不断扩大，“算力”不断提高，随之带来的“能耗”及“运行成本”也将不断攀升。为实现数据中心余热的有效利用，并实现能效的联动优化，构建了一种基于CO₂热泵的产消型数据中心能源系统。  方法  将数据中心视为产消者，耗电的同时将制冷系统的余热回收，用于住宅供暖。产消型数据中心能源系统采用空气直接冷却、直膨式地埋管冷却和建筑供暖末端冷却三种方式实现数据中心全年的冷却，最大程度利用自然冷却，降低系统电耗。CO₂作为余热回收用热泵的工作介质，能够提高系统紧凑性与环境友好性。  结果  本系统可有效削减冷负荷，进而在平均占用率较低时，实现制冷电耗的降低。当平均占用率为0.6时，与常规房间级风冷空调机组相比，本系统可降低全年冷负荷108 MWh，节约电耗制冷电耗167 MWh，为建筑供热290 MWh，获得年收益4.23万元。  结论  本系统可实现数据中心余热回收用于建筑供暖，实现了数据中心非供暖期余热的有效利用。并通过地源热泵系统实现了数据中心余热与建筑热负荷的协调，为产消型数据中心的能效联动优化提供了借鉴。

Energy Efficiency Linkage Optimization of Production and Consumption Data Center Based on CO2 Heat Pump

［Introduction］With the progress of digital economy， the "scale" and "hashrate" of data centers are constantly expanding， and the "energy consumption" and "operation cost" of data centers will also be constantly rising. In order to realize the effective utilization of waste heat in the data center and realize the linkage optimization of energy efficiency of the data center， this paper constructs a production-consumption type data center energy system based on CO₂ heat pump.  Method  The system took the data center as the producer and consumer， consumed electricity for refrigeration and recycles the heat generation for residential heating. The energy system of production-consumption data center adopted three methods: direct air cooling， direct expansion of buried pipe cooling and terminal cooling of building heating to realize data center cooling. Natural cooling was utilized to the maximum extent to reduce power consumption of the system. Choosing the circulating working medium of the heat pump system for CO₂ waste heat recovery can improve the compactness and environmental friendliness of the system.  Result  The system can effectively reduce the cooling load， and then reduce the refrigeration power consumption when the average occupancy rate is low. When the average occupancy rate is 0.6， the system can reduce the annual cooling load by 108 MWh， save 167 MWh of power consumption， provide heating for the building by 290 MWh， and obtain an annual income of 42，300 yuan.  Conclusion  The system can recycle waste heat of data center for building heating and realize effective utilization of waste heat of data center in off-heating period. The coordination between waste heat of data center and building heat load is realized by ground source heat pump system， which provides reference for energy efficiency linkage optimization of production-consumption data center.