氢能产业链及氢能发电利用技术现状及展望

  目的  随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出和能源改革的日益深入，氢能作为重要的工业原料和能源燃料在近年来得到广泛关注并进入快速发展时期。氢能产业链主要包含氢气的制备、储存、运输、利用等环节，涉及众多产业交叉融合与技术创新，文章旨在梳理氢能产业链现状并分析各节点面临的挑战，为今后的氢能产业发展提供建议。  方法  对现有氢能产业链各节点涉及的技术现状开展调研，分析其面临的问题与挑战，并提出相应建议。  结果  研究发现:虽然我国在氢能产业所涉及的各方面均有一定技术储备及产业布局，但仍然面临较多的技术短板有待突破。其中，碱性电解水技术、高压储氢技术、天然气管道掺氢输送技术等已经初步具备应用条件，适合开展示范项目。而低温液氢技术、质子交换膜制氢和燃料电池技术、固体氧化物制氢和燃料电池技术仍存在部分难题，有待进一步突破。同时，我国的掺氢燃机发展较为落后，与国际先进水平存在较大差异。  结论  因此，氢能作为战略能源，其开发利用有助于促进我国能源与产业的绿色转型，但仍然面临诸多问题，需要合理布局，避免重复建设和低端技术的引进，才能保持氢能产业的又好又快发展。

Current Situation and Prospect of Hydrogen Energy Industry Chain and Hydrogen Power Generation Utilization Technology

  Introduction  With the proposal of "peak carbon dioxide emission, carbon neutrality" and the deepening of energy reform, hydrogen energy, hydrogen energy as an important industrial raw material and energy fuel has been widely concerned and entered a rapid development period. Hydrogen energy industry chain mainly includes the hydrogen preparation, storage, transportation and utilization, which involves the integration and technological innovation of many industries. This paper is aimed at sorting out the current situation of hydrogen energy industry chain and analyzing the challenge faced by each node in order to provide suggestions for the development of hydrogen energy industry in the future.  Method  In this paper, we investigated the current technical status, analyzed the problems and challenges of the hydrogen energy industry chain, and put forward the relevant suggestions.  Result  Although China has technical reserves and industrial layout in all aspects of hydrogen energy industry, many technical shortcomings need to be solved. Among them, alkaline water electrolysis technology, high-pressure hydrogen storage technology, natural gas pipeline mixing hydrogen transportation technology has preliminarily met the application conditions. However, some problems in the technologies such as low temperature liquid hydrogen technology, hydrogen manufacturing with proton exchange membrane and fuel cell technology, hydrogen manufacturing with solid oxides and fuel cell technology remain to be solved. Meanwhile, compared with international advanced level, the development of hydrogen-fueled gas turbine in China is relatively backward.  Conclusion  As a strategic energy, the utilization of hydrogen energy is very important to promote the green transformation of energy and industry. But there are still many problems. Hence, it is necessary to make a reasonable layout, avoid the repetitive construction and introduction of low-end technology to accelerate the development of hydrogen energy industry.