Cholelithiasis in hamsters: Effects of cholic acid and calcium on gallstone formation |
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Authors: | Bertram I Cohen Naoyuki Matoba Erwin H Mosbach Richard J Stenger Charles K McSherry |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York, New York, NY;(2) Department of Pathology, Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, NY;(3) Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, First Avenue at 16th Street, 10003 New York, NY |
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Abstract: | Dietary cholic acid (0.1%) and/or calcium (2.6% as calcium carbonate) were added to a semipurified diet containing cholesterol
and ethynyl estradiol to determine whether the incidence of pigment and/or cholesterol gallstones would be changed. Male golden
Syrian hamsters were fed the experimental diets for 96 days (Group 1, control; Group 3, cholic acid plus calcium) or only
an average of 60 days (Group 2, 0.1% cholic acid). Animals in Group 2 became ill (weight loss, low food intake, diarrhea)
possibly due to cholic acid (or deoxycholic acid) toxicity. Cholesterol gallstones and crystals were absent in all experimental
groups. The incidence of pigment gallstones was: control, Group 1, 12/16; 0.1% cholic acid, Group 2, 3/13; and 0.1% cholic
acid plus calcium, Group 3, 11/22. Cholic acid with or without calcium produced an elevation of both liver and plasma cholesterol:
Group 2, 80.1 mg/g and 501 mg/dl; Group 3, 103.7 mg/g and 475 mg/dl vs Group 1, 65 mg/g and 209 mg/dl, respectively. The lithogenic
indices of the bile were lower in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1, controls, 0.45 and 0.58 vs 1.16, respectively. The extent
of the portal tract pathology could not be correlated with the presence or absence of pigment gallstones or with the levels
of lithocholic acid in the hamster bile. In summary, when semipurified diets were supplemented with ethynyl estradiol and
cholic acid, with and without calcium supplementation, no cholesterol gallstones formed and the incidence of pigment gallstones
was not altered. |
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