烷基季铵盐改性膨润土的膨胀性

用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重(TG)表征方法,考察了四甲基溴化铵(TMAB),四乙基溴化铵((Et)4NB),十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对膨润土膨胀性的影响。结果表明,不同季铵盐都已吸附到膨润土晶层间,短链季铵盐TMAB和(Et)4NB主要以单分子平躺在膨润土晶层之间,使膨润土的层间距比原土样降低,有很好的防膨作用。长链季铵盐DTAB和CTAB以假三层平卧、倾斜排列等方式排列,使膨润土的层间距比原土样增加,没有防膨作用。且膨润土对(Et)4NB和TMAB的吸附量低于DTAB和CTAB的。

Distensibility of Bentonite Modified by Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Salts

X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and thermogravimetry(TG) analysis methods were applied to investigate the distensibility of bentonite modified by tetramethyl ammonium bromide(TMAB),tetraethyl ammonium bromide((Et)_4NB),dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(DTAB) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB).The results show that different quaternary ammonium salts is adsorbed on the layer of bentonite,short chain quaternary ammonium salts exhibits excellent anti-swelling effect.The arrangement model of TMAB or(Et)_4NB is lateral-monolayer in the interlayer of bentonite,and the bentonite layer-spacing is decreased.Long chain quaternary ammonium salts make clay swelling,so it increases the layer-spacing of bentonite,the arrangement model of DTAB or CTAB is pseudo-trilayer and inclination etc in the interlayer of bentonite.Bentonite adsorption amount of(Et)_4NB or TMAB is less than that of DTAB or CTAB.