电子行业肌肉骨骼损伤的调查

对２１４１名电子行业坐位作业工人及２４８６名对照组人员的颈、肩、腕和下背肌肉骨骼损伤情况进行了流行病学调查，同时对工人的工作环境及工作场所人机界面进行了调查。结果表明：观察组人员颈、肩、下背、手及腕部肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。且患病率均随工龄延长而升高，观察组高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。体征检查结果，观察组的颈部活动受限，颈部压痛、颈突轴位挤压试验、肩部活动受限、肩部压痛、Ｔｈｏｍａｓ征及Ｔｉｎｅｌ’ｓ征等项指标阳性率均高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。患病人群病因构成显示，与工作有关的占病因第１位。因此认为不良的作业坐姿、工龄及重复用力是肌肉骨骼疾患的重要危险因素。

Epidemiological Investigation on Musculoskeletal Injury in Electronic Industry

Epidemiological investigation on the musculoskeletal injury of neck shoulder wrist and low back on 2 141 sedentary workers in electronic industry and 2 486 control persons were made.The environmental conditions and man machine interface of workplace were also investigated.The results show that the prevalence rates of neck shoulder wrist injury and low back pain in sedentary workers were significantly higher than those in control(P<0.01). The prevalence rates increased with the term of service.The examination results show that the positive rates of some physical signs,such as limited joint activity,Shoulder pressure pains,the palpation test of neck,Thomas' sign and Tinel's test were also higher than those in control(P<0.01).The contituent ratios of injury causes show that the causes relating to work are the major ones.It indicates that the major pathogenic factors of musculoskeletal injury on electronic workers are prolonged fixed posture, poor man machine interface and repetitive exertion.