Methodological issues in mammography double reading studies

Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cultures were treated with ethanol and tested for viability and beta-galactosidase activity. Exposure of the biomass of test cultures to 30%-55% ethanol (vol/vol) caused a 100% loss of viability and up to 15-fold increase in measurable beta-galactosidase activity in both streptococci and lactobacilli. Ethanol-treated cell suspensions could be stored for up to 6 months without loss of enzyme activity. The nonviable permeabilized biomass of the more active S. thermophilus was used to achieve up to 80% hydrolysis of lactose in aqueous solutions and non-fat milk.