居家老年人行为类型及空间改造需求

对上海3个住宅小区的老年人居家空间的使用状况进行问卷调查，对典型居家老年人进行访谈和行为观察，把握老年人的行为特征以及空间改造需求，分析其影响因素。结论如下：（1）行为类型分为静养型、休闲型、充实型。（2）老年人的活动空间主要是自己的卧室、起居室和餐厅，频繁进出卫生间。（3）居住条件较差小区的老年人、部分自理以及休闲型老年人空间改造意愿最强烈。（4）老年人对卫生间改造需求最强烈。在老年人行为和需求的差异化分析的基础上，确立了居家空间适老化改造的目标和策略，从而改善居家老年人的生活品质。

Behavioral Types and Need for Spatial Transformation of the Elderly Living at Home

By conducting questionnaires on the use condition of the living spaces of the elderly, as well as interviews and behavioral observations of the typical elderly living at home in three residential communities located in Shanghai, this paper aims to clarify the behavioral characteristics and need for spatial transformation of the elderly and analyze their influence factors. The following conclusions could be made:, 1) The behaviors can be classified into different types; that is,  rest type, leisure type and enriching type; 2) the activity space of the elderly includes their own bedroom, living room and dining hall, and they go to the bathroom frequently; 3) The elderly living in the community with poor housing conditions, the elderly with partial self-help ability and the elderly who have need of entertainment have the strongest will to transform their living space; 4) The elderly has a strong will to transform their bathrooms. Based on the differentiation analysis of behaviors and the needs of the elderly, objectives and strategies of aged-friendly spatial transformation for the elderly were established so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly living at home.