Active High Power Conversion Efficiency Rectifier With Built-In Dual-Mode Back Telemetry in Standard CMOS Technology

In this paper, we present an active rectifier with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) implemented in a 0.5-$mu{hbox {m}}$ 5 V standard CMOS technology with two modes of built-in back telemetry; short- and open-circuit. As a rectifier, it ensures a ${rm PCE}>80%$, taking advantage of active synchronous rectification technique in the frequency range of 0.125–1 MHz. The built-in complementary back telemetry feature can be utilized in implantable microelectronic devices (IMD), wireless sensors, and radio frequency identification (RFID) applications to reduce the silicon area, increase the data rate, and improve the reading range and robustness in load shift keying (LSK).