Extraction of Essential Oils From the Seeds of Pomegranate Using Organic Solvents and Supercritical CO2

In this study, essential oils from pomegranate seeds of the Malas variety from Shahreza, Iran, were extracted using hexane and petroleum benzene applying four extraction methods: normal stirring, soxhlet, microwave irradiation, and ultrasonic irradiation. Also, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO₂ under different conditions was used for comparison. Different methods of extraction with organic solvents (normal stirring, soxhlet, microwave irradiation, and ultrasonic irradiation) showed significant differences in the extraction yields. However, no differences were found when a given method (e.g., microwave irradiation) was applied using different organic solvents. On the other hand, different extraction conditions from the various runs of SFE resulted in different extraction yields, all of which were lower than those of the other extraction methods using organic solvents. No significant differences were observed in the fatty acid compositions of the extracted oils using organic solvents. However, the fatty acid compositions of the oils extracted under different conditions of the SFE system indicated significant differences among several fatty acids including unsaturated fatty acids.