复杂环境下铁路路堑爆破开挖安全技术研究

为了确保既有铁路线和民房密集区域爆破作业的施工安全,需要着重控制爆破有害效应。结合位于湖南张家界禾家村站东侧的路堑山体爆破开挖工程,探讨了周边民房、铁路路基、铁路边坡的爆破振动控制标准,并从爆破技术和防护等方面对控制爆破振动、爆破飞石及爆破冲击波进行了研究,采取调整爆破自由面方向、预留部分山体不爆破、预裂爆破、逐孔起爆等技术,降低了爆破有害效应。为准确预报后续爆破振动,每次爆破都进行振动监测,并根据实测结果预测下一次爆破的振动值,及时调整段药量,优化爆破参数。爆破效果表明,本工程研究提出的安全技术措施确保了既有铁路线的正常运行及周边民房、居民的安全,可为类似工程提供借鉴。

Study on safety technology of railway cutting blasting excavation under complex environment

In order to ensure construction safety of the existing railway line and the civil house, it is necessary to focus on controlling the harmful effects of blasting. The blasting vibration control standards of surrounding residential buildings,railway sub-grades and railway slopes are discussed, and the control blasting vibration, blasting fly-rock and blasting shock wave are studied from the aspects of blasting technology and protection. The specific technical measures such as adjusting the direction of the blasting free surface, reserving part of the mountain without blasting, presplitting blasting, and hole-byhole initiation network are adopted to reduce the harmful effects of blasting. To accurately predict the subsequent blasting vibration, the monitoring of each blasting vibration is proposed, and the segment explosive quantity is adjusted according to the blasting vibration budget value, and the blasting parameters are optimized. The blasting results show that the safety technical measures proposed by this project ensure the normal operation of the existing railway lines and the safety of the neighboring houses and residents,and can provide a safe reference for similar projects.