西藏高原粮油作物曲霉菌污染及菌株产毒力研究

(目的)为探明西藏高原粮油作物曲霉菌污染状况及黄曲霉菌产毒能力,(方法)本文连续5年对西藏青稞、小麦、花生3种作物中曲霉菌污染情况进行分析并对其分离到的黄曲霉菌株开展产毒力研究,(结果)结果表明,204份样品中,共分离出15种曲霉菌,曲霉菌污染率呈花生>青稞>小麦。青稞、小麦中曲霉属优势种均为A. niger,真菌毒素主要为杂色曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素；花生优势种为A. flavus；仅受黄曲霉毒素污染。来源于不同作物的黄曲霉菌,其产毒类型也有差异,麦类作物产毒菌株以产AFB₁、AFB₂为主；花生产毒菌株以产AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁、AFG₂为主。

Study on Aspergillus Pollution and Toxigenicity of Grain and Oil Crops in Tibet

In order to find out the current status of Aspergillus contamination and the toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus in different crops from Tibet, this paper analyzed the Aspergillus pollution status of Tibetan barley, wheat and peanut crops, and studied the toxigenicity of the Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from them. The results showed that 15 species of Aspergillus were isolated from 204 samples, and the Aspergillus pollution rate was peanut > Tibetan barley > wheat. The predominant species of Aspergillus in barley and wheat were Aspergillus niger, and the main mycotoxins were Sterigmatocystin and Ochratoxin A. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species of peanut, and peanut was only contaminated by aflatoxin. The toxin-producing types of Aspergillus flavus strains from different crops were different. AFB₁ and AFB₂ were the main toxin-producing types of Aspergillus flavus strains in wheat crops. AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂ were the main toxin-producing types of Aspergillus flavus strains in peanuts.