基于可插拔式区块链的生态流量监测系统设计

生态流量保障目标落实情况已纳入最严格水资源管理制度考核，确保生态流量监测数据的真实可信、公开透明尤其关键。本文围绕生态流量监管的公开、透明、多方参与、数据溯源等需求，结合常用的生态流量监测系统，分析了区块链技术在生态流量监测应用中的优势，考虑了可插拔式区块链支撑组件，设计了一种契合生态流量保障工作监督考核需求的可信监测监管系统，在网络层运用点对点传输和拜占庭容错共识机制进行数据通信，在数据资源层采用区块结构进行数据链式存储，将生态流量监管所需的各类算法写入智能合约中，并将计算结果交予业务层进行可信应用或数据溯源，通过智能合约提供区块链节点配置及其权限管理功能。传统监测系统引入区块链技术后，可提升生态流量监测数据的真实透明、难以篡改、可追溯、易扩展等特性，适合多主体、跨部门的监测数据共享与发布。研究成果可为生态流量泄放监管提供一种可靠的技术支撑，亦可为区块链技术在水利行业尤其是水资源管理领域的应用落地提供借鉴。

Design of ecological fl ow monitoring system based on pluggable blockchain

The implementation of ecological flow protection targets has been included in the assessment of the most stringent water resources management system, and it is particularly critical to ensure that ecological flow monitoring data are authentic, credible, open and transparent. This paper focuses on the requirements of openness, transparency, multi-participation, and data traceability of ecological flow supervision, and combines with common ecological flow monitoring systems to analyze the advantages of blockchain technology in the application of ecological flow monitoring, considers the pluggable blockchain support components, and designs a credible monitoring and supervision system that meets the requirements of supervision and assessment of ecological flow assurance work. In the network layer, point-to-point transmission and Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus mechanism are used for data communication; in the data resource layer, block structure is adopted for data chain storage; various algorithms required for ecological traffic supervision are written into smart contracts, and the calculation results are handed over to the business layer for trusted application or data traceability; blockchain node configuration and permission management functions are provided through smart contracts. The introduction of blockchain technology into the traditional monitoring system can improve the authenticity and transparency of ecological flow monitoring data, which is difficult to tamper with, traceable and easy to expand, and is suitable for multi-subject and cross-department monitoring data sharing and release. The research results can provide a reliable technical support for the supervision of ecological discharge, and also provide reference for the application of blockchain technology in the water conservancy industry, especially in the field of water resources management.