中国大运河水利遗产现状调查及保护策略探讨

中国大运河作为世界文化遗产,其主体和核心是水利工程。通过系统调查大运河现状河道及相关水系、各类水利工程及遗产数量和分布、现状水利功能、管理制度、相关规划计划等基本情况,分析了大运河水利遗产保存利用现状及存在的突出问题,并从文化遗产可持续发展的视角探讨保护利用策略。研究认为,大运河具有文化遗产与在用水利工程双重属性,发展演变是其本质特性;部门分工侧重的差异和法律法规体系不健全,是造成当前大运河水利遗产保护与利用问题的根本原因。大运河保护利用应以延续水利功能与保护文化遗产并重为基本原则,逐步建立起完善和统一的法律法规和技术标准体系,保护工作应统筹规划、区分对待、突出重点、逐步推进,同时加强在用类遗产保护理论及技术研究和运河水利科技文化史的展示宣传。

Research on conservation strategy of water heritages based on investigation of the Grand Canal in China

The Grand Canal of China is the largest canal system located on the most complex landform with longest history for application listed in The World Culture Heritage group,with water projects as mainbody and core components. Based on investigation of canal and related rivers, all kinds of water projects and heritages along, existing functions, management system and related planning on the canal, this paper analyzes prominent problems on water projects heritages conservation and development, discusses strategy in the future and gives proposal on macroscopic view. Research finds that the Grand Canal with double attributes of a culture heritage and active water works continues to evolve as its essential characteristic, and the isolation of relevant departments and inadequate legal system are the primary causes of existed problems. It is pointed out that the water functions of the Grand Canal should be equally accounted in canal heritage protection, and its utilization such as culture heritage, perfect and united law system and technical standard system should be formed for in-use heritage conservation. Overall planning, distinct treatment, emphasizing the key points and step-by-step actions should be the principle to conserve and develop the water heritages of the Grand Canal, and basic and applied research, demonstration and spreading of water technology and culture in canal history should be reinforced in the same time.