煤矿智采工作面概念及系统架构研究

基于时间维度梳理了智能化采矿概念,提出智采工作面定义--一个在不同程度上无需人工干预而独立完成采煤作业的生产系统,指出智采工作面的基础是智能机器,其特征是自主感控,功能是独立作业,目的是无人化开采。明确了智采工作面应具有自主感知、自主决策、自主控制、自主协同、自主交互等5个智能要素。根据这些智能要素的水平差异,将智采工作面划分为初级、中级和高级,其发展与自动化、信息化、互联化工作面建设相衔接,是一个渐进提升的过程:预计到2025年左右,我国重点煤矿将实现初级智能化采煤作业;到2035年进入中级智能化,智采工作面具有自主感知、自主调控能力,在条件较好的一些煤矿基本实现无人化采煤作业;2045年左右,我国煤矿将建成高级智采工作面,实现工作面无人化开采。为此,构建了智采工作面评价指标体系,介绍了定性的蛛网图评价法和定量的层次分析评价法。为了提高智采工作面建设系统性,建立了智采工作面耦合关联模型,提出采煤工艺、设备和煤流的3个智能闭环,以提高采煤与煤层、支护与岩层、运输与割煤的自适应性;提出一个涵盖功能维、技术维和组织维的智采工作面体系架构,为智采工作面实现跨机群、跨平台的纵向和横向集成,形成协同与共治的智能开采生态提供模型化基础。

Research on concept and system architecture of smart mining workface in coal mine

Definition of smart mining workface was put forward as a production system that could independently operate coal mining process without manual interaction. It was pointed out that the smart mining workface depended on intelligent machine, autonomous sensing and controlling and independent operation, which focused on the purpose of unmanned mining. Five intelligent elements of the smart mining workface were introduced, which included the autonomous perception, autonomous decision-making, autonomous control, autonomous collaboration and autonomous interaction. It was suggested that the smart mining workface could be assessed as primary level,intermediate level and advanced level according to different levels of the intelligent elements. In this meaning, the development of smart mining workface would be a gradual process, which closely connected to the building up of the automation, digitalization and internet technology for mining workface. It was predicted that China’s coal mines would come to primary smart level in 2025. Some coal mines with better condition would reach up intermediate smart level by 2035 with the equipment capable for autonomous perception and control. The unmanned coal mining was expected to be realized in 2045. The evaluation index for smart mining workface was introduced, and the cobweb map and analytic hierarchy methods were described for evaluating the level of smart mining workface. In order to construct the smart mining workface system, a coupling model was put forward including three intelligent control loops from the coal mining process, equipment operation and coal flow. The model and control loops were beneficial to improving the adaptive performance of coal seam cutting, roof supporting and coal flow transportation.Finally, the smart mining workface architecture with functional, technical and organization dimensions was proposed, which could provide the integration across machines and platforms to form a collaborative and comanaged intelligent mining ecology.