The effect of wearing high-heels and carrying a backpack on trunk biomechanics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;2. Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, Spain;3. Seoul National University, College of Human Ecology, Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul, South Korea;4. Kyung Hee University, College of Physical Education, Department of Sports Medicine, Yongin-si, South Korea;1. International Institut of Biomechanics and Surgical Ergonomics , Université de Toulon, CS60584-83041, TOULON CEDEX 9, France;2. Laboratoire HandiBio, EA 4322, Université de Toulon, CS60584-83041, TOULON CEDEX 9, France;1. Sensory and Motor Control, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan;2. Physical Therapy Course, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan;3. Development Department, Kotobuki Seating Co. Ltd., Inadaira 1-70-2, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-8555, Japan;1. College of Robotics, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100027, China;2. Ergonomics Laboratory, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China;3. SAMR Key Laboratory of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Beijing, 100820, China;4. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China;5. School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA;1. EPM International Ergonomics School Scientific Association, Milan, Italy;2. General Motors Company, Warren, MI, USA;3. Centro de Ergonomía Aplicada-CENEA, Barcelona, Spain;4. Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Carrying a bag while wearing high-heels during daily life could potentially cause back pain. No study has investigated the combined effects of wearing a backpack and high-heels on trunk biomechanics from a system-level interaction viewpoint. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the effects of high-heel height, backpack weight, and habituation in high-heels use on upper body biomechanics. Sixteen female study participants, all in their 20s, were divided into high-heel USER and NON-USER groups, and asked to carry a backpack with 0%, 5% and 10% of their body weight while either not wearing or wearing (0 cm and 9 cm) high-heels. Trunk kinematics and muscle activations were measured under the neutral standing posture while gazing straight ahead in experimental trials. First, the USERS tended to show hyper-lumbar lordosis when wearing high-heels, but the NON-USERS experienced lumbar kyphosis. In line with this, the USERS showed significantly greater recruitment of back muscles (35.5%), but the NON-USERS tended to recruit significantly more abdominal muscles (80%) to control their posture. Second, carrying a backpack sequentially induced posterior pelvic tilting, lumbar kyphosis, and forward head posture which is a stereotype posture of the hyper-kyphotic back and which suggests a system-level interaction from the lower extremity to the head. Third, the backpack weight eliminated the effect of wearing high-heels in the lumbar flexion angle, which may act as a counterbalance to pull the center of gravity (CoG) posteriorly.Relevance to industryCaution must be taken in the long-term use of high-heels and a backpack. Carrying a backpack weighing about 5% of the body weight is recommended to counterbalance the hyper-lordotic lumbar posture when wearing high-heels if unavoidable. |
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| Keywords: | High-heels Backpack Trunk kinematics Muscle activity |
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