Novel polysulfone/sulfonated polyaniline/niobium pentoxide polymer blend nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications

New series of polymer nanocomposite membranes were prepared from polysulfone (PSU), sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) and niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) by solution casting technique. In order to assess the suitability of the polymer electrolytes in fuel cell applications, the membranes were characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the successful incorporation of nanofillers into the polymer matrix. The membrane loaded with 10 wt% of niobium pentoxide into PSU/SPANI exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.0674 S cm⁻¹, whereas the control membrane showed 0.0110 S cm⁻¹. The incorporation of niobium pentoxide into pristine polymer not only improved the ionic conductivity but also enhanced the thermal and oxidative stabilities. The substantial results achieved with the organic–inorganic polymer composites derived from PSU-SPANI and Nb₂O₅ have been established and can be viable materials for electrolyte in fuel cell applications.