鹿茸物种来源DNA条形码鉴定技术研究

目的 受经济利益驱动，鹿茸标签不符情况时有发生，损害消费者利益的同时，也给产业的发展带来了负面影响，探究鹿茸的鹿种鉴定方法为鹿茸市场监管提供技术支持。方法 本研究以线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I基因（Cytochrome oxidase I gene, COI）和线粒体细胞色素b基因（Cytochrome b gene , Cytb）为靶基因对鹿茸样品进行鉴定，并对两种基因的鉴别能力进行了比较。结果 发现COI存在无法鉴别梅花鹿和马鹿的情况，而Cytb可以将所有鹿茸鉴定至种水平。并将Cytb作为目标片段，建立了鹿茸中物种来源鉴定的DNA条形码方法。并利用该方法对市场上销售的53份鹿茸样品进行标签符合性鉴定。结论 进一步证实了使用Cytb的DNA条形码方法可以有效鉴定出市售鹿茸样品的物种来源。收集到的53份市售鹿茸样品中，仅有21份样品与标签标识物种相符；25份样品存在将低价鹿茸标为高价鹿茸的现象；7份样品缺少明确的物种信息。本研究结果可以为监管部门规范鹿茸产品标签标识提供技术支撑。

Research on DNA barcoding authentication for species origin of deer antler

Objective Driven by economic interests, labeling discrepancies of antler have occurred, harming the interests of consumers and negatively impacting the development of the industry. So the exploration of deer species identification methods for antler provides technical support for antler market supervision. Methods In this study, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) were used as target genes to identify antler samples, and the discriminatory ability of the two genes was compared. Results It was found that COI was unable to discriminate between sika deer and wapiti, while Cytb could identify all antlers to the species level. And Cytb was used as a target fragment to establish a DNA barcoding method for species origin identification in deer antlers. The method was also used to identify the label conformity of 53 antler samples sold in the market. Conclusion It was further confirmed that the DNA barcoding method using Cytb could effectively identify the species origin of commercially available antler samples. Among the 53 commercial deer antler products collected in this study, only 21 samples matched the labeled species; 25 samples were found the substitution of high valued species by low-value species; 7 samples lacked specific information on the species. The present study can provide technical support for the regulatory authorities to regulate the labeling of antler products.