中国丝绸之路土遗址的病害及PS加固

 中国丝绸之路土遗址遗存种类多、类型全、赋存环境复杂，其主要病害按保存环境分为两类：露天土遗址，主要有风蚀、雨蚀和裂隙；室内土遗址，主要有污染、风化和裂隙。以吐鲁番交河故城为例，研究保护加固技术，通过对PS处理前后遗址土样的X–衍射分析、结晶度测定、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法的分析测试，探讨PS加固土遗址的机制，提出以PS为加固材料，对土遗址防风蚀、雨蚀的化学加固方法；对裂隙和危土体提出锚固和裂隙灌浆联合使用的加固技术，尤其是楠竹加筋复合锚杆解决了大体量松软危土体的锚固问题；对掏蚀缺损部分提出夯补及土坯砌补等加固工艺和方法。这些加固措施，基本解决了干旱土遗址的主要问题，提出的加固措施具有较好的适用性和应用价值。

DETERIORATION OF EARTHEN SITES AND CONSOLIDATION WITH PS MATERIAL ALONG SILK ROAD OF CHINA

The numerous earthen sites along the Silk Road of China have different environmental conditions，whose deteriorations are mainly divided into two types in terms of their locations：the unsheltered ones suffering from wind and rain erosion and crevasses，and the sheltered ones suffering from the pollution，efflorescence and crevasses. This paper studies the consolidation and conservation of the Jiaohe Ruins in Turpan，analyzing the earthen samples taken before and after consolidation with PS materials by X-ray diffractometer，measuring the degrees of crystallization and testing them with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This paper also discusses the mechanism of the earthen sites consolidated with PS materials，and proposes the following conservation methods：chemical consolidation method against wind and rain erosion to earthen sites with PS as the consolidating materials；consolidation method combining bamboo-steel composite anchor and crevasses grouting for dangerous soil masses；and consolidation method associating back-filling and patching-up for the eroded parts of the earthen sites. These consolidation methods provide a key to the main problem of the arid earthen sites basically；and they are practicable and applicable.