Design and synthesis of side-chain optimized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) as proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications: Balancing the water-resistance and the sulfonation degree |
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Authors: | Guangbo Zeng Dongqing Zhang Liuming Yan Baohua Yue Ting Pan Yidong Hu Shufa He Hongbin Zhao Jiujun Zhang |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China;2. Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China;3. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;5. Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, China;6. Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China |
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Abstract: | Side-chain optimized poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-g-poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PPO-g-PSSA) is designed with balanced water-resistance and sulfonation degree. The PPO-g-PSSA is synthesized by controlled atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from brominated poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO-xBr) and ethyl styrene-4-sulfonate and followed by hydrolysis. A series of PPO-g-PSSA are prepared possessing different bromination degree (x) of PPO-xBr and polymerization degree (m) of the side-chains and the water-resistances of the fabricated membranes are investigated. The results show that a PPO-g-PSSA at relatively low x (x < 0.2) and high m (m > 4) exhibits good balance between the water-resistance and the sulfonation degree. Namely, it displays suitable proton conductivity with compromised water-resistance. Moreover, a maximum ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 3.24 mmol g?1 is reached without the sacrifice of water-resistance. In addition, PPO-g-0.08PSSA-13 and PPO-g-0.14PSSA-4 are chosen characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, proton conductivities and mechanical properties. At 90% RH, the optimized PPO-g-0.08PPSA-13 possesses a proton conductivity of 37.9 mS cm?1 at 40 °C and 45.5 mS cm?1 at 95 °C, respectively. |
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Keywords: | Proton exchange membrane Structure design Water-resistance Sulfonation degree |
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