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Contribution of soil compositions,harvested times and varieties on chemical fingerprint of Italian and Turkish citrus cultivars |
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| Authors: | Antonio Francesco Mottese Giuseppe Sabatino Marcella Di Bella Maria Rita Fede Francesco Parisi Giuseppe Marcianò Alessandro Tripodo Francesco Italiano Giacomo Dugo Francesco Caridi |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166 Italy;2. Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166 Italy Contribution: Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal);3. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo and Milazzo Office, Via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, Messina, Italy Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, Napoli, 80121 Italy Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal);4. Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging SASTAS Section, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina, 98168 Italy Contribution: Resources (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);5. Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166 Italy Contribution: Visualization (lead);6. Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166 Italy Contribution: Data curation (equal);7. Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Physic and Earth Sciences (MIFT), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, S. Agata, Messina, 98166 Italy Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Software (equal);8. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo and Milazzo Office, Via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, Messina, Italy Contribution: Funding acquisition (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal);9. Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging SASTAS Section, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, Messina, 98168 Italy Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Project administration (equal), Validation (equal);10. Department of Reggio Calabria, Environmental Protection Agency of Calabria, Italy (ARPACAL), Via Troncovito SNC, Reggio Calabria, 89135 Italy Saint Camillus International, University of Health and Medical Sciences (UniCamillus), Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8, Rome, 00131 Italy Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Investigation (equal) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to define the stability over the time of chemical elemental patterns in some citrus varieties of PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) and not PGI Interdonato and Lunario cultivars coming from Italy and Turkey and to set up a range of markers useful to trace their geographical origin. During the 2015–2017 growing seasons, all fruits were collected and subjected to Inductively Coupled Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, in order to determine the multielemental chemical profiles. The chemical variability was calculated for each element by Multi-way analysis of variance. The results highlighted how the measured Cr, Ni, Al, K, Fe and Zn levels mainly depend on the soil composition and the fingerprint allow to trace the geographical origins. Moreover, the stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) has allowed to correctly classify the 100% of lemon pulps provenances, based on Ni, Al, K, Ca and Na contents. Finally, our study demonstrates the role played by harvest years, variety and soils composition whose interaction contributed to define the chemical fingerprints. |
| Keywords: | Geographical origin harvested years lemon samples PGI SLDA |