| Abstract: | Type-B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenone-X (FUS-X), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON)) were determined in 338 cereal-based products. Detection limit, quantification limit and mean recovery for five toxins were in the ranges 0.7–2.6?µg?kg?1, 2.1–7.8?µg?kg?1 and 73–110%, respectively. The range of occurrence and average level in samples were, respectively, 21–88% and 5.2–121.8?µg?kg?1 for NIV, 10–96% and 1.7–109.5?µg?kg?1 for DON, 2–39% and 0.4–3.6?µg?kg?1 for FUS-X, 0–80% and 0–17.3?µg?kg?1 for 15ADON, and 0–29% and 0–1.5?µg?kg?1 for 3ADON. Regarding co-occurrence, 64% of samples had more than two type-B trichothecenes. The estimated daily intakes of NIV, DON, FUS-X, 15ADON, and 3ADON were 0.077, 0.048, 0.004, 0.006 and 0.002?µg?kg?1?bw?day?1, respectively. These results suggest that current exposure levels do not indicate the possibility of adverse effects, but consideration of the combined exposure of type-B trichothecenes may be required due to the high frequency of co-occurrence. |
