膜技术在生态环境治理中的应用

随着经济发展和人口增加,导致大量水源污染、生态环境恶化.近十多年来,在水环境治理和生态修复方面,膜技术以其低成本和高处理能力的优点,正在发挥着巨大作用.介绍了膜技术在大面积污染治理和生态环境恢复中的应用实例.其中包括美国科罗拉多河灌溉区河流咸水治理及其反渗透脱盐工程;膜法处理废水或地表水的井下贮水工程;河流、湖泊等市政供水水源,因富营养化,生物暴发,而采用低压膜(NF,MF和UF)的水处理技术.通过这些成功实例分析了低压膜的技术优势和经济优势.文章指出,我国亟待发展低压膜改善水环境的技术.并建议乘国家治理“三河”、“三湖”的有利时机,建立被污染水源的低压膜治理与修复示范工程,逐步开展以低压膜水处理技术为支柱的井下贮水研究和示范,大力发展低压膜的生产与应用.

Application of membrane technologies for ecological/environment improvement

With the development of economy and expansion of population,lots of water resources are polluted and ecological environments are deteriorated.In the last decade,membrane technology has been playing an important role in water environment treatment and ecological environment recovery,considering its merits of low cost and high process capacity.Several examples of applying membrane technology in elimination of large-area pollution and environment recovery are introduce in this paper,including Yuma Project in Colorado,USA;water reuse aquifer storage and recovery(WASR) which is the storage of water in a well during times when water is available,and recovery of the water from the same well during times when it is needed;and water pretreatment applying low-pressure membrane technologies(NF,MF,and UF) for municipal water supply at Michigan Lake in America and Oise River in France,where the water resource were polluted by biology breakout caused by overfull nutrition.The advantages on technology and economy of low-pressure membrane are discussed through these successful examples.The urgency of developing low-pressure membrane technologies to improve water environment in China is indicated in this paper.Taking the chance of treating "three rivers" and "three lakes" in our country,construction of demonstration plants applying low-pressure membranes in water resource improvement and WASR are suggested.At the same time,expanding production and developing applications of the low-pressure membranes are also proposed.