GIS在环境影响评价中的应用探析

自1979年我国的EIA制度正式建立以来,其评价原理,方法和技术不断发展,但目前EIA中的许多研究领域还不成熟。没有制定出正式的导则和规范,还需要引进其它学科的技术,使其不断完善和提高,首先论述了GIS在EIA中应用的必要性和可能性,然后介绍了GIS在EIA中应用的领域,在对国内外现状进行分析的基础上,又对GIS在EIA中的应用前景做了展望。

The Application of GIS in EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment is an effective means in which sustainable development can be put in practice during the time of decision-making and development. The theory, method, technology on EIA were developed step by step since EIA system was founded officially in 1979,but now there are many questions that are not solved in research fields of EIA, and official guide and criterion were not founded. So EIA needs supporting of correlative subjects which can perfect EIA.Geaographic Information Systems are tools to capture, manipulate,process,and display spatial or geo-referenced data. In GIS,the basic concept is one of location,of spatial distribution and relationship,and basic elements are spatial objects.In environmental modeling, by contrast,the basic concept is one of state,expressed in terms of numbers,mass or energy,of interaction and dynamics;the basic elements are "species",which may be biological ,chemical,and environmental media such as air,water,or sediment.So the overlap and relationship is apparent,and thus the integration of these two fields of research,technologies,or sets of methods,that is their paradigms,is an obvious and promising idea.The paper discusses necessity and possibility of the Application of GIS in EIA, and then introduces fields of the application of GIS in EIA, lastly forecasts the future on the basis of analysing its status quo of the application of GIS in EIA all over the world.