多段流化床技术用于多相催化与纳米材料合成过程

简要回顾了清华大学十余年来开发多段流化床技术与工业应用历程，包括利用冷态实验确定多段流化床的操作域，不同段中催化剂密相高度随气速变化以及与外置溢流管尺寸的关系，并且将其运用于硝基苯气相加氢制备苯胺、间苯二腈氨氧化、甲醇合成、乙炔法制备氯乙烯以及化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管过程，并实现了工业化应用。多段流化床结构灵活，可以根据不同过程的工艺要求（如对变温或变气氛及高转化率与长催化剂寿命的要求等）进行调节。相关技术开发拓展了流化床的应用领域。

Application of multistage fluidized bed in heterogeneous catalysis and nano-material synthesis

The progress of developing the multistage fluidized bed technology in Tsinghua University was reviewed in the present work.First part presents the experiment on cold model fluidized bed to determine the operating regime, the relationship of height of dense phase of solids in different stages with gas velocity and the structure of downcomer.Second part described the application of reactor structure above in hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline, ammoxidation of m-xylene, synthesis of methanol, vinyl chloride monomer from acetylene, and synthesis of carbon nanotube. The structure of multistage bed is adaptable to special processes, calling for the temperature shift, different gas atmosphere, high conversion of gas reactants or long catalyst life time.Finally, the industrial scale application was addressed, which broaden the application of multistage fluidized bed in heterogeneous catalytic processes.