基于RS和GIS的朝阳县矿区生态环境评价

利用Landsat8 OLI遥感影像、ASTER卫星DEM数据，提取了朝阳县地形坡度、植被覆盖度信息，运用层次分析法确定了地质安全隐患、区域重要程度、土地损毁程度等12个评价指标权重，根据相关规范确定评价指标等级，建立矿区生态环境评价模型。运用网格法将研究区分为若干个评价单元，将评价指标进行赋值、叠加，确定各个矿区评价分值，依据评分将研究区分为影响严重区、较重区、较轻区与无影响区4个区域。研究表明：1）矿区生态环境影响严重区主要分布在朝阳县北部铁矿区和西南部锰矿区，该区域地质灾害隐患较严重，矿区地质环境复杂，开采破坏程度严重，生态环境影响严重。2）朝阳县生态环境影响最为集中区域为朝阳县北部矿区，该区域为群采区，开发强度高，开采时间长，形成严重的生态环境问题。3）矿山开采导致的土地损毁问题较为突出，不同土地类型的损毁面积占全县采矿用地面积的41.6 %，矿区生态修复潜力较大。识别与分析朝阳县矿区生态环境问题，为朝阳县生态修复规划提供理论支撑，对后续矿山生态修复措施研究，绿色矿山建设工作的开展有着重要的意义。

Ecological environment assessment of mining area in Chaoyang County Based on RS and GIS

In this paper, Landsat8 OLI remote sensing image and ASTER satellite DEM data are used to extract the topographic slope and vegetation coverage information of Chaoyang County. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of 12 evaluation indicators, including geological security risks, regional importance, and land damage. The evaluation index grade is determined according to relevant specifications, and the mining area ecological environment evaluation model is established. The grid method is used to divide the study into several evaluation units. The evaluation indexes are assigned and superposed to determine the evaluation scores of each mining area. According to the scores, the study is divided into four areas: the seriously affected area, the heavy area, the light area, and the -non-affected area. The research shows that: 1) The areas with serious ecological environmental impact in the mining area are mainly distributed in the iron ore area in the north of Chaoyang County and the manganese ore area in the southwest. The geological hazards in this area are serious, the geological environment of the mining area is complex, the mining damage is serious, and the ecological environment impact is serious. 2) The area with the most concentrated ecological environmental impact in Chaoyang County is the mining area in the north of Chaoyang County, which is a group mining area with high development intensity and long mining time, Serious ecological and environmental problems have been formed. 3) The land damage caused by mining is relatively prominent. The damaged area of different land types accounts for 41.6% of the total mining land area in the county. The ecological restoration potential of the mining area is large. Identify and analyze the ecological environment problems in the Chaoyang County mining area, provide theoretical support for the ecological restoration planning of Chaoyang County, and have important significance for the follow-up research on mine ecological restoration measures and the development of green mine construction.