经验视角下乡村日常景观的价值感知 研究——以盐城八灶村为例

乡村环境中存在一类日常而平凡的景观,和专家视角下具有突出价值的景观一样,它们同样是文化和社会关系的表征空间。在新型城镇化中,这类景观对形成以人为本的、完整适宜的生产生活环境单元具有重要意义,值得我们解读。以江苏盐城普通村落八灶村为典型案例,分析八灶村村民对日常景观的价值感知及其时空分布情况,识别出具有普遍意义的场所类型,包括惯常行为空间、主题活动空间、个人所属领地,其意义产生于不同物质空间基础上村民多样的日常活动中。发现意义场所的分布存在一定边界,其热区由住宅区向周边扩散,密度级别逐渐降低。意义场所的感知具有时间特征,主要集聚在明代、人民公社时期和2000年前后,是村落集体记忆的体现。最终提出在城镇化过程中,应重视日常景观中意义场所的识别,并在村落的更新和重建中予以响应和重塑,藉此延续村落的内在活力和乡村特性。

The Perception of Values of Rural Everyday Landscape from the Perspective of Experience: A Case Study of Bazao Village in Yancheng

There is a kind of everyday and ordinary landscape in the rural area. Like the landscape with outstanding values from the perspective of experts, it is also the representation space of cultural and social relations. In China''s new urbanization, this kind of landscape is of great significance to the formation of humanized, complete and appropriate environmental unit for production and living, and is worthy of our interpretation. Taking Bazao village, a common village in Yancheng, Jiangsu province as a typical case, and from the viewpoint of villagers, this paper analyzes the perception of values of the everyday landscape and their spatialtemporal distribution. Three types of places are identified as with general significance, including habitual behavior space, thematical activity space and personal territory. The meaning of these places comes from villagers'' various daily activities and are based on the different physical forms of space. A certain boundary is found in the distribution of meaningful places, in which the thermal area spreads from residential area to the periphery, and the density level decreases gradually. The perception of meaningful places has chronological characteristics, gathering mainly in the Ming Dynasty, People''s Commune Period and the time around year 2000, suggesting the collective memory of the village. The paper reveals the importance of identifying meaningful places in rural everyday landscape and suggests that responding to and reshaping them are key approaches to prolonging the internal vitality and rural characteristics, especially in the current process of renovation and reconstruction of villages in urbanization.