我国丝绸之路经济带核心区水资源利用的国际比较

严峻的水资源问题制约着我国丝绸之路经济带核心区的发展,如何在保持经济稳定增长的前提下,实现用水总量控制的目标是当前亟待解决的问题。本文通过分析我国丝绸之路经济带核心区水资源利用的年际变化,并对我国丝绸之路经济带核心区的水资源利用进行国际比较分析。研究表明,近20年来我国丝绸之路经济带核心区水资源用水效率得到了显著提升,万美元GDP用水量降幅达84.35%,但总体而言,水资源利用效率接近人类发展指数(HDI)介于0.5～0.6的国家的用水水平,与发达国家相比仍有较大差距。这些研究,可为该地区落实最严格水资源制度、严守"三条红线"提供参考。

International comparison of water resources utilization efficiency in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt

Serious water problem restricts the development of the Core Area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, and how to control total water consumption with stable economic growth is a current problem to be solved. This paper analyzes the annual variation of water resources utilization in the Core Area of the Silk Road Economic Belt, and compares it with that of other countries. The study shows that water resources utilization efficiency has been greatly improved in the Core Area of the Silk Road Economic Belt in recent 20 years and the water use amount per ten thousand dollar GDP has declined by 84.35%. The improvement of industrial water consumption efficiency is the key driving factors for substantial decrease in water consumption. The comparison of water utilization and human development shows that the higher HDI the country has, the more efficient water utilization the country has. The water use amount per ten thousand dollar GDP of countries which have a HDI of higher than 0.9 is only 8.5% of those countries which have a HDI between 0.5 and 0.6.There are still rooms for improvement of water resources utilization efficiency comparing with the developed countries. This study provides an objective basis for the implementation of the strictest water resources system and adherence to the "three red lines".