水库滑坡涌浪爬坡特征试验研究

由滑坡引起的涌浪灾害不仅严重威胁航运安全，还会冲毁码头、大坝等水工建筑物并造成沿岸居民生命财产的损失。采用物理模型试验的方法对散粒体滑坡涌浪的爬坡特性开展了研究。试验结果表明：影响涌浪爬坡高度的主要因素有滑坡入水速度、滑坡体规模、滑动面倾角、水深、传播距离和爬坡角度等；当涌浪远场传播形态类似椭圆余弦波或孤立波时，涌浪爬坡高度较高，岸坡处水流紊动剧烈，涌浪对岸坡的破坏能力也最强。根据试验结果还建立了近岸坡处涌浪最大波幅计算模型，并结合经典波浪爬坡经验公式推导出了新滑坡涌浪爬坡高度计算公式。以长江新滩滑坡为例，验证了新涌浪爬坡高度计算公式的精度。研究结果能为实际工程中可能存在的滑坡涌浪爬坡灾害范围预测和涌浪避险方案制定等提供一定参考。

Experimental study on run-up characteristics of landslide-generated wave in reservoir

The surge disaster caused by landslide would seriously threaten the shipping safety, also can destroy wharfs, dams and other hydraulic structures, which will cause the loss of life and property of coastal residents. Physical model tests were carried out to study the characteristics of surge run-up of granular landslide by using a self-designed experimental device. The results showed that the wave run-up was affected by several factors, including the landslide impact velocity, landslide type, landslide impact angle, water depth, propagation distance and run-up angle. When the far-field propagation wave types are cnoidal-like or solitary-like, the wave run-up, the turbulence of water flow, and the damage ability of surge to the bank slope are greater than those of Stokes-like. Furthermore, a mathematical model of the maximum wave height near the bank was developed using dimensional analysis and mathematical statistics. By taking the mathematical model and the test data, a new formula combined with the classical formulas of wave run-up was presented for estimating the landslide-induced surge run-up height. Finally, the accuracy of the new formula of the running up height was verified by the Xintan landslide. The research results can provide some reference for predicting the range of landslide surge climbing disaster and formulating surge risk avoidance scheme.