Experimental design for optimization of 4-nitrophenol reduction by green synthesized CeO2/g-C3N4/Ag catalyst using response surface methodology |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, 682022, India;3. Department of Science and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Bangalore, Karnataka, 560074, India;1. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China;2. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Materials in Biochemical Industry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, PR China;3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, PR China;1. Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran;2. Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;3. Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;4. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;5. Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan;3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | In this study, the enhancement of catalytic activity of ceria when modified with co-catalysts such as graphitic carbon nitride and silver was established. The material was synthesized using phytogenic combustion method, a green alternative to the traditional preparative routes. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XPS and TEM techniques. The synergistic effect of the composite CeO2/g-C3N4/Ag was tested for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride. The reaction was carried out at room temperature without any light source or external stirring. The individual and combined effects of four parameters, viz., concentration of 4-NP, amount of catalyst, amount of NaBH4 and time for the reduction of reduction 4-NP were investigated using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). This statistical model was used to optimize the reaction conditions for maximum reduction of 4-NP. The optimum conditions for the reduction reaction are found to be 0.01 mmol/L 4-NP, 15 mg catalyst, 20 mg NaBH4 and 13.7 min time interval. |
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| Keywords: | 4-Nitrophenol Box-Behnken design Response surface methodology Heterogeneous catalysis Rare earths |
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