复杂材料的微相分离和结构演变

共聚高分子和表面活性剂系统常常能够形成不同尺度的复杂结构，在材料和生物技术领域具有广泛的用途.这种结构及其形成过程与自然界中大量存在的斑图及其演化过程具有非常类似的机理，受到不同学科研究者的广泛关注.在高分子系统的分子热力学、微相分离及结构演变过程领域已经开展了大量的研究工作，已成为凝聚态物理、高分子物理、统计力学理论和计算机模拟的热点之一.在分子尺度上，基于格子和自由空间的分子热力学模型、计算机分子模拟方法可以用于描述高分子系统的相平衡和分子的聚集形态.在介观尺度上，时间相关的Ginzberg-Landau理论、元胞动力学方法等可以有效地研究微相分离结构的演变过程及其受外场的影响.而耗散粒子动力学模拟则可以将分子尺度和介观尺度的研究结合起来，是一种跨尺度的研究方法.多尺度研究方法的发展将成为今后研究的重点.本文总结了该领域的某些研究进展.

MICROPHASE SEPARATION AND STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF COMPLEX MATERIALS

Copolymer and surfactant systems can generally form complicated structures on various scales, which have broad use in the fields of material and biological technology. The mechanisms of these structures and their formation processes are very similar to those of a great number of natural spot-diagrams and their evolution processes. A lot of studies have been done in the fields of thermodynamics, microphase separation and structure evolution in polymer systems, which has become one of the most hot issues in condensed matter physics, macromolecular physics, statistical mechanics and computer molecular simulation. On the molecule scale, molecular thermodynamics model and computer molecular simulation method, based on lattices and free space model, can be used to describe microphase separation and coagulation morphology of polymer system. On the meso-scale, time dependent Ginzberg-Landau theory and the cell dynamical system method can be effectively used to study meso-structure evolution processes and influences from outfield. Further more, dissipative particle dynamics is a trans-scale study method, and it combines molecule scale study and meso-scale study together. The development of multi-scale study method will become the key point in the future study. This paper reviews the progress in the study of microphase separation and structure evolution of complex materials.